• Tut
  • Ref
  • Lib
  • Api
  • Ext
  • Mod
  • image-search

2.7.3

  • 1. Whetting Your Appetite
  • image-plus2. Using the Python Interpreter
    • image-plus2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
      • 2.1.1. Argument Passing
      • 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
    • image-plus2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
      • 2.2.1. Error Handling
      • 2.2.2. Executable Python Scripts
      • 2.2.3. Source Code Encoding
      • 2.2.4. The Interactive Startup File
      • 2.2.5. The Customization Modules
  • image-plus3. An Informal Introduction to Python
    • image-plus3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
      • 3.1.1. Numbers
      • 3.1.2. Strings
      • 3.1.3. Unicode Strings
      • 3.1.4. Lists
    • 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
  • image-plus4. More Control Flow Tools
    • 4.1. if Statements
    • 4.2. for Statements
    • 4.3. The range() Function
    • 4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops
    • 4.5. pass Statements
    • 4.6. Defining Functions
    • image-plus4.7. More on Defining Functions
      • 4.7.1. Default Argument Values
      • 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
      • 4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists
      • 4.7.4. Unpacking Argument Lists
      • 4.7.5. Lambda Forms
      • 4.7.6. Documentation Strings
    • 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
  • image-plus5. Data Structures
    • image-plus5.1. More on Lists
      • 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
      • 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
      • 5.1.3. Functional Programming Tools
      • image-plus5.1.4. List Comprehensions
        • 5.1.4.1. Nested List Comprehensions
    • 5.2. The del statement
    • 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
    • 5.4. Sets
    • 5.5. Dictionaries
    • 5.6. Looping Techniques
    • 5.7. More on Conditions
    • 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
  • image-plus6. Modules
    • image-plus6.1. More on Modules
      • 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
      • 6.1.2. The Module Search Path
      • 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
    • 6.2. Standard Modules
    • 6.3. The dir() Function
    • image-plus6.4. Packages
      • 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package
      • 6.4.2. Intra-package References
      • 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
  • image-plus7. Input and Output
    • image-plus7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
      • 7.1.1. Old string formatting
    • image-plus7.2. Reading and Writing Files
      • 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
      • 7.2.2. The pickle Module
  • image-plus8. Errors and Exceptions
    • 8.1. Syntax Errors
    • 8.2. Exceptions
    • 8.3. Handling Exceptions
    • 8.4. Raising Exceptions
    • 8.5. User-defined Exceptions
    • 8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions
    • 8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions
  • image-plus9. Classes
    • 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
    • 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
    • image-plus9.3. A First Look at Classes
      • 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
      • 9.3.2. Class Objects
      • 9.3.3. Instance Objects
      • 9.3.4. Method Objects
    • 9.4. Random Remarks
    • image-plus9.5. Inheritance
      • 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
    • 9.6. Private Variables
    • 9.7. Odds and Ends
    • 9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too
    • 9.9. Iterators
    • 9.10. Generators
    • 9.11. Generator Expressions
  • image-plus10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
    • 10.1. Operating System Interface
    • 10.2. File Wildcards
    • 10.3. Command Line Arguments
    • 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
    • 10.5. String Pattern Matching
    • 10.6. Mathematics
    • 10.7. Internet Access
    • 10.8. Dates and Times
    • 10.9. Data Compression
    • 10.10. Performance Measurement
    • 10.11. Quality Control
    • 10.12. Batteries Included
  • image-plus11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II
    • 11.1. Output Formatting
    • 11.2. Templating
    • 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
    • 11.4. Multi-threading
    • 11.5. Logging
    • 11.6. Weak References
    • 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
    • 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
  • 12. What Now?
  • image-plus13. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
    • 13.1. Line Editing
    • 13.2. History Substitution
    • 13.3. Key Bindings
    • 13.4. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
  • image-plus14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
    • 14.1. Representation Error
  • image-plus1. Introduction
    • 1.1. Alternate Implementations
    • 1.2. Notation
  • image-plus2. Lexical analysis
    • 2.1. Line structure
    • 2.2. Other tokens
    • 2.3. Identifiers and keywords
    • 2.4. Literals
    • 2.5. Operators
    • 2.6. Delimiters
  • image-plus3. Data model
    • 3.1. Objects, values and types
    • 3.2. The standard type hierarchy
    • 3.3. New-style and classic classes
    • 3.4. Special method names
  • image-plus4. Execution model
    • 4.1. Naming and binding
    • 4.2. Exceptions
  • image-plus5. Expressions
    • 5.1. Arithmetic conversions
    • 5.2. Atoms
    • 5.3. Primaries
    • 5.4. The power operator
    • 5.5. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
    • 5.6. Binary arithmetic operations
    • 5.7. Shifting operations
    • 5.8. Binary bitwise operations
    • 5.9. Comparisons
    • 5.10. Boolean operations
    • 5.11. Conditional Expressions
    • 5.12. Lambdas
    • 5.13. Expression lists
    • 5.14. Evaluation order
    • 5.15. Summary
  • image-plus6. Simple statements
    • 6.1. Expression statements
    • 6.2. Assignment statements
    • 6.3. The assert statement
    • 6.4. The pass statement
    • 6.5. The del statement
    • 6.6. The print statement
    • 6.7. The return statement
    • 6.8. The yield statement
    • 6.9. The raise statement
    • 6.10. The break statement
    • 6.11. The continue statement
    • 6.12. The import statement
    • 6.13. The global statement
    • 6.14. The exec statement
  • image-plus7. Compound statements
    • 7.1. The if statement
    • 7.2. The while statement
    • 7.3. The for statement
    • 7.4. The try statement
    • 7.5. The with statement
    • 7.6. Function definitions
    • 7.7. Class definitions
  • image-plus8. Top-level components
    • 8.1. Complete Python programs
    • 8.2. File input
    • 8.3. Interactive input
    • 8.4. Expression input
  • 9. Full Grammar specification
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Built-in Functions
  • 3. Non-essential Built-in Functions
  • image-plus4. Built-in Constants
    • 4.1. Constants added by the site module
  • image-plus5. Built-in Types
    • 5.1. Truth Value Testing
    • 5.2. Boolean Operations — and, or, not
    • 5.3. Comparisons
    • 5.4. Numeric Types — int, float, long, complex
    • 5.5. Iterator Types
    • 5.6. Sequence Types — str, unicode, list, tuple, bytearray, buffer, xrange
    • 5.7. Set Types — set, frozenset
    • 5.8. Mapping Types — dict
    • 5.9. File Objects
    • 5.10. memoryview type
    • 5.11. Context Manager Types
    • 5.12. Other Built-in Types
    • 5.13. Special Attributes
  • image-plus6. Built-in Exceptions
    • 6.1. Exception hierarchy
  • image-plus7. String Services
    • 7.1. string — Common string operations
    • 7.2. re — Regular expression operations
    • 7.3. struct — Interpret strings as packed binary data
    • 7.4. difflib — Helpers for computing deltas
    • 7.5. StringIO — Read and write strings as files
    • 7.6. cStringIO — Faster version of StringIO
    • 7.7. textwrap — Text wrapping and filling
    • 7.8. codecs — Codec registry and base classes
    • 7.9. unicodedata — Unicode Database
    • 7.10. stringprep — Internet String Preparation
    • 7.11. fpformat — Floating point conversions
  • image-plus8. Data Types
    • 8.1. datetime — Basic date and time types
    • 8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions
    • 8.3. collections — High-performance container datatypes
    • 8.4. heapq — Heap queue algorithm
    • 8.5. bisect — Array bisection algorithm
    • 8.6. array — Efficient arrays of numeric values
    • 8.7. sets — Unordered collections of unique elements
    • 8.8. sched — Event scheduler
    • 8.9. mutex — Mutual exclusion support
    • 8.10. Queue — A synchronized queue class
    • 8.11. weakref — Weak references
    • 8.12. UserDict — Class wrapper for dictionary objects
    • 8.13. UserList — Class wrapper for list objects
    • 8.14. UserString — Class wrapper for string objects
    • 8.15. types — Names for built-in types
    • 8.16. new — Creation of runtime internal objects
    • 8.17. copy — Shallow and deep copy operations
    • 8.18. pprint — Data pretty printer
    • 8.19. repr — Alternate repr() implementation
  • image-plus9. Numeric and Mathematical Modules
    • 9.1. numbers — Numeric abstract base classes
    • 9.2. math — Mathematical functions
    • 9.3. cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers
    • 9.4. decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
    • 9.5. fractions — Rational numbers
    • 9.6. random — Generate pseudo-random numbers
    • 9.7. itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
    • 9.8. functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
    • 9.9. operator — Standard operators as functions
  • image-plus10. File and Directory Access
    • 10.1. os.path — Common pathname manipulations
    • 10.2. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
    • 10.3. stat — Interpreting stat() results
    • 10.4. statvfs — Constants used with os.statvfs()
    • 10.5. filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
    • 10.6. tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
    • 10.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
    • 10.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
    • 10.9. linecache — Random access to text lines
    • 10.10. shutil — High-level file operations
    • 10.11. dircache — Cached directory listings
    • 10.12. macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions
  • image-plus11. Data Persistence
    • 11.1. pickle — Python object serialization
    • 11.2. cPickle — A faster pickle
    • 11.3. copy_reg — Register pickle support functions
    • 11.4. shelve — Python object persistence
    • 11.5. marshal — Internal Python object serialization
    • 11.6. anydbm — Generic access to DBM-style databases
    • 11.7. whichdb — Guess which DBM module created a database
    • 11.8. dbm — Simple “database” interface
    • 11.9. gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm
    • 11.10. dbhash — DBM-style interface to the BSD database library
    • 11.11. bsddb — Interface to Berkeley DB library
    • 11.12. dumbdbm — Portable DBM implementation
    • 11.13. sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
  • image-plus12. Data Compression and Archiving
    • 12.1. zlib — Compression compatible with gzip
    • 12.2. gzip — Support for gzip files
    • 12.3. bz2 — Compression compatible with bzip2
    • 12.4. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives
    • 12.5. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files
  • image-plus13. File Formats
    • 13.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing
    • 13.2. ConfigParser — Configuration file parser
    • 13.3. robotparser — Parser for robots.txt
    • 13.4. netrc — netrc file processing
    • 13.5. xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data
    • 13.6. plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files
  • image-plus14. Cryptographic Services
    • 14.1. hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests
    • 14.2. hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
    • 14.3. md5 — MD5 message digest algorithm
    • 14.4. sha — SHA-1 message digest algorithm
  • image-plus15. Generic Operating System Services
    • 15.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
    • 15.2. io — Core tools for working with streams
    • 15.3. time — Time access and conversions
    • 15.4. argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
    • 15.5. optparse — Parser for command line options
    • 15.6. getopt — C-style parser for command line options
    • 15.7. logging — Logging facility for Python
    • 15.8. logging.config — Logging configuration
    • 15.9. logging.handlers — Logging handlers
    • 15.10. getpass — Portable password input
    • 15.11. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
    • 15.12. curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
    • 15.13. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters
    • 15.14. curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
    • 15.15. platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
    • 15.16. errno — Standard errno system symbols
    • 15.17. ctypes — A foreign function library for Python
  • image-plus16. Optional Operating System Services
    • 16.1. select — Waiting for I/O completion
    • 16.2. threading — Higher-level threading interface
    • 16.3. thread — Multiple threads of control
    • 16.4. dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module
    • 16.5. dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the thread module
    • 16.6. multiprocessing — Process-based “threading” interface
    • 16.7. mmap — Memory-mapped file support
    • 16.8. readline — GNU readline interface
    • 16.9. rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline
  • image-plus17. Interprocess Communication and Networking
    • 17.1. subprocess — Subprocess management
    • 17.2. socket — Low-level networking interface
    • 17.3. ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
    • 17.4. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
    • 17.5. popen2 — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
    • 17.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler
    • 17.7. asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler
  • image-plus18. Internet Data Handling
    • 18.1. email — An email and MIME handling package
    • 18.2. json — JSON encoder and decoder
    • 18.3. mailcap — Mailcap file handling
    • 18.4. mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
    • 18.5. mhlib — Access to MH mailboxes
    • 18.6. mimetools — Tools for parsing MIME messages
    • 18.7. mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types
    • 18.8. MimeWriter — Generic MIME file writer
    • 18.9. mimify — MIME processing of mail messages
    • 18.10. multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts
    • 18.11. rfc822 — Parse RFC 2822 mail headers
    • 18.12. base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings
    • 18.13. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files
    • 18.14. binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII
    • 18.15. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
    • 18.16. uu — Encode and decode uuencode files
  • image-plus19. Structured Markup Processing Tools
    • 19.1. HTMLParser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser
    • 19.2. sgmllib — Simple SGML parser
    • 19.3. htmllib — A parser for HTML documents
    • 19.4. htmlentitydefs — Definitions of HTML general entities
    • 19.5. xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat
    • 19.6. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API
    • 19.7. xml.dom.minidom — Lightweight DOM implementation
    • 19.8. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees
    • 19.9. xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
    • 19.10. xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers
    • 19.11. xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities
    • 19.12. xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers
    • 19.13. xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API
  • image-plus20. Internet Protocols and Support
    • 20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
    • 20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
    • 20.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
    • 20.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
    • 20.5. urllib — Open arbitrary resources by URL
    • 20.6. urllib2 — extensible library for opening URLs
    • 20.7. httplib — HTTP protocol client
    • 20.8. ftplib — FTP protocol client
    • 20.9. poplib — POP3 protocol client
    • 20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
    • 20.11. nntplib — NNTP protocol client
    • 20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client
    • 20.13. smtpd — SMTP Server
    • 20.14. telnetlib — Telnet client
    • 20.15. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
    • 20.16. urlparse — Parse URLs into components
    • 20.17. SocketServer — A framework for network servers
    • 20.18. BaseHTTPServer — Basic HTTP server
    • 20.19. SimpleHTTPServer — Simple HTTP request handler
    • 20.20. CGIHTTPServer — CGI-capable HTTP request handler
    • 20.21. cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
    • 20.22. Cookie — HTTP state management
    • 20.23. xmlrpclib — XML-RPC client access
    • 20.24. SimpleXMLRPCServer — Basic XML-RPC server
    • 20.25. DocXMLRPCServer — Self-documenting XML-RPC server
  • image-plus21. Multimedia Services
    • 21.1. audioop — Manipulate raw audio data
    • 21.2. imageop — Manipulate raw image data
    • 21.3. aifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
    • 21.4. sunau — Read and write Sun AU files
    • 21.5. wave — Read and write WAV files
    • 21.6. chunk — Read IFF chunked data
    • 21.7. colorsys — Conversions between color systems
    • 21.8. imghdr — Determine the type of an image
    • 21.9. sndhdr — Determine type of sound file
    • 21.10. ossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
  • image-plus22. Internationalization
    • 22.1. gettext — Multilingual internationalization services
    • 22.2. locale — Internationalization services
  • image-plus23. Program Frameworks
    • 23.1. cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters
    • 23.2. shlex — Simple lexical analysis
  • image-plus24. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk
    • 24.1. Tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk
    • 24.2. ttk — Tk themed widgets
    • 24.3. Tix — Extension widgets for Tk
    • 24.4. ScrolledText — Scrolled Text Widget
    • 24.5. turtle — Turtle graphics for Tk
    • 24.6. IDLE
    • 24.7. Other Graphical User Interface Packages
  • image-plus25. Development Tools
    • 25.1. pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system
    • 25.2. doctest — Test interactive Python examples
    • 25.3. unittest — Unit testing framework
    • 25.4. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation
    • 25.5. test — Regression tests package for Python
    • 25.6. test.test_support — Utility functions for tests
  • image-plus26. Debugging and Profiling
    • 26.1. bdb — Debugger framework
    • 26.2. pdb — The Python Debugger
    • 26.3. Debugger Commands
    • 26.4. The Python Profilers
    • 26.5. hotshot — High performance logging profiler
    • 26.6. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets
    • 26.7. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution
  • image-plus27. Python Runtime Services
    • 27.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions
    • 27.2. sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information
    • 27.3. __builtin__ — Built-in objects
    • 27.4. future_builtins — Python 3 builtins
    • 27.5. __main__ — Top-level script environment
    • 27.6. warnings — Warning control
    • 27.7. contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts
    • 27.8. abc — Abstract Base Classes
    • 27.9. atexit — Exit handlers
    • 27.10. traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
    • 27.11. __future__ — Future statement definitions
    • 27.12. gc — Garbage Collector interface
    • 27.13. inspect — Inspect live objects
    • 27.14. site — Site-specific configuration hook
    • 27.15. user — User-specific configuration hook
    • 27.16. fpectl — Floating point exception control
    • 27.17. distutils — Building and installing Python modules
  • image-plus28. Custom Python Interpreters
    • 28.1. code — Interpreter base classes
    • 28.2. codeop — Compile Python code
  • image-plus29. Restricted Execution
    • 29.1. rexec — Restricted execution framework
    • 29.2. Bastion — Restricting access to objects
  • image-plus30. Importing Modules
    • 30.1. imp — Access the import internals
    • 30.2. importlib – Convenience wrappers for __import__()
    • 30.3. imputil — Import utilities
    • 30.4. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives
    • 30.5. pkgutil — Package extension utility
    • 30.6. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script
    • 30.7. runpy — Locating and executing Python modules
  • image-plus31. Python Language Services
    • 31.1. parser — Access Python parse trees
    • 31.2. ast — Abstract Syntax Trees
    • 31.3. symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables
    • 31.4. symbol — Constants used with Python parse trees
    • 31.5. token — Constants used with Python parse trees
    • 31.6. keyword — Testing for Python keywords
    • 31.7. tokenize — Tokenizer for Python source
    • 31.8. tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentation
    • 31.9. pyclbr — Python class browser support
    • 31.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files
    • 31.11. compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries
    • 31.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode
    • 31.13. pickletools — Tools for pickle developers
  • image-plus32. Python compiler package
    • 32.1. The basic interface
    • 32.2. Limitations
    • 32.3. Python Abstract Syntax
    • 32.4. Using Visitors to Walk ASTs
    • 32.5. Bytecode Generation
  • image-plus33. Miscellaneous Services
    • 33.1. formatter — Generic output formatting
  • image-plus34. MS Windows Specific Services
    • 34.1. msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer files
    • 34.2. msvcrt – Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
    • 34.3. _winreg – Windows registry access
    • 34.4. winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windows
  • image-plus35. Unix Specific Services
    • 35.1. posix — The most common POSIX system calls
    • 35.2. pwd — The password database
    • 35.3. spwd — The shadow password database
    • 35.4. grp — The group database
    • 35.5. crypt — Function to check Unix passwords
    • 35.6. dl — Call C functions in shared objects
    • 35.7. termios — POSIX style tty control
    • 35.8. tty — Terminal control functions
    • 35.9. pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities
    • 35.10. fcntl — The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls
    • 35.11. pipes — Interface to shell pipelines
    • 35.12. posixfile — File-like objects with locking support
    • 35.13. resource — Resource usage information
    • 35.14. nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)
    • 35.15. syslog — Unix syslog library routines
    • 35.16. commands — Utilities for running commands
  • image-plus36. Mac OS X specific services
    • 36.1. ic — Access to the Mac OS X Internet Config
    • 36.2. MacOS — Access to Mac OS interpreter features
    • 36.3. macostools — Convenience routines for file manipulation
    • 36.4. findertools — The finder‘s Apple Events interface
    • 36.5. EasyDialogs — Basic Macintosh dialogs
    • 36.6. FrameWork — Interactive application framework
    • 36.7. autoGIL — Global Interpreter Lock handling in event loops
    • 36.8. Mac OS Toolbox Modules
    • 36.9. ColorPicker — Color selection dialog
  • image-plus37. MacPython OSA Modules
    • 37.1. gensuitemodule — Generate OSA stub packages
    • 37.2. aetools — OSA client support
    • 37.3. aepack — Conversion between Python variables and AppleEvent data containers
    • 37.4. aetypes — AppleEvent objects
    • 37.5. MiniAEFrame — Open Scripting Architecture server support
  • image-plus38. SGI IRIX Specific Services
    • 38.1. al — Audio functions on the SGI
    • 38.2. AL — Constants used with the al module
    • 38.3. cd — CD-ROM access on SGI systems
    • 38.4. fl — FORMS library for graphical user interfaces
    • 38.5. FL — Constants used with the fl module
    • 38.6. flp — Functions for loading stored FORMS designs
    • 38.7. fm — Font Manager interface
    • 38.8. gl — Graphics Library interface
    • 38.9. DEVICE — Constants used with the gl module
    • 38.10. GL — Constants used with the gl module
    • 38.11. imgfile — Support for SGI imglib files
    • 38.12. jpeg — Read and write JPEG files
  • image-plus39. SunOS Specific Services
    • 39.1. sunaudiodev — Access to Sun audio hardware
    • 39.2. SUNAUDIODEV — Constants used with sunaudiodev
  • image-plus40. Undocumented Modules
    • 40.1. Miscellaneous useful utilities
    • 40.2. Platform specific modules
    • 40.3. Multimedia
    • 40.4. Undocumented Mac OS modules
    • 40.5. Obsolete
    • 40.6. SGI-specific Extension modules
  • image-plusIntroduction
    • Include Files
    • Objects, Types and Reference Counts
    • Exceptions
    • Embedding Python
    • Debugging Builds
  • The Very High Level Layer
  • Reference Counting
  • image-plusException Handling
    • Unicode Exception Objects
    • Recursion Control
    • Standard Exceptions
    • String Exceptions
  • image-plusUtilities
    • Operating System Utilities
    • System Functions
    • Process Control
    • Importing Modules
    • Data marshalling support
    • Parsing arguments and building values
    • String conversion and formatting
    • Reflection
    • Codec registry and support functions
  • image-plusAbstract Objects Layer
    • Object Protocol
    • Number Protocol
    • Sequence Protocol
    • Mapping Protocol
    • Iterator Protocol
    • Old Buffer Protocol
  • image-plusConcrete Objects Layer
    • Fundamental Objects
    • Numeric Objects
    • Sequence Objects
    • Mapping Objects
    • Other Objects
  • image-plusInitialization, Finalization, and Threads
    • Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
    • Process-wide parameters
    • Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock
    • Sub-interpreter support
    • Asynchronous Notifications
    • Profiling and Tracing
    • Advanced Debugger Support
  • image-plusMemory Management
    • Overview
    • Memory Interface
    • Examples
  • image-plusObject Implementation Support
    • Allocating Objects on the Heap
    • Common Object Structures
    • Type Objects
    • Number Object Structures
    • Mapping Object Structures
    • Sequence Object Structures
    • Buffer Object Structures
    • Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection
  • image-plus1. Extending Python with C or C++
    • 1.1. A Simple Example
    • 1.2. Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions
    • 1.3. Back to the Example
    • 1.4. The Module’s Method Table and Initialization Function
    • 1.5. Compilation and Linkage
    • 1.6. Calling Python Functions from C
    • 1.7. Extracting Parameters in Extension Functions
    • 1.8. Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions
    • 1.9. Building Arbitrary Values
    • 1.10. Reference Counts
    • 1.11. Writing Extensions in C++
    • 1.12. Providing a C API for an Extension Module
  • image-plus2. Defining New Types
    • 2.1. The Basics
    • 2.2. Type Methods
  • image-plus3. Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils
    • 3.1. Distributing your extension modules
  • image-plus4. Building C and C++ Extensions on Windows
    • 4.1. A Cookbook Approach
    • 4.2. Differences Between Unix and Windows
    • 4.3. Using DLLs in Practice
  • image-plus5. Embedding Python in Another Application
    • 5.1. Very High Level Embedding
    • 5.2. Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview
    • 5.3. Pure Embedding
    • 5.4. Extending Embedded Python
    • 5.5. Embedding Python in C++
    • 5.6. Linking Requirements
  • __builtin__
  • __future__
  • __main__
  • _winreg (Windows)
  • abc
  • aepack (Mac)
  • aetools (Mac)
  • aetypes (Mac)
  • aifc
  • al (IRIX)
  • AL (IRIX)
  • anydbm
  • applesingle (Mac)
  • argparse
  • array
  • ast
  • asynchat
  • asyncore
  • atexit
  • audioop
  • autoGIL (Mac)
  • base64
  • BaseHTTPServer
  • Bastion
  • bdb
  • binascii
  • binhex
  • bisect
  • bsddb
  • buildtools (Mac)
  • bz2
  • calendar
  • Carbon.AE (Mac)
  • Carbon.AH (Mac)
  • Carbon.App (Mac)
  • Carbon.Appearance (Mac)
  • Carbon.CarbonEvents (Mac)
  • Carbon.CarbonEvt (Mac)
  • Carbon.CF (Mac)
  • Carbon.CG (Mac)
  • Carbon.Cm (Mac)
  • Carbon.Components (Mac)
  • Carbon.ControlAccessor (Mac)
  • Carbon.Controls (Mac)
  • Carbon.CoreFounation (Mac)
  • Carbon.CoreGraphics (Mac)
  • Carbon.Ctl (Mac)
  • Carbon.Dialogs (Mac)
  • Carbon.Dlg (Mac)
  • Carbon.Drag (Mac)
  • Carbon.Dragconst (Mac)
  • Carbon.Events (Mac)
  • Carbon.Evt (Mac)
  • Carbon.File (Mac)
  • Carbon.Files (Mac)
  • Carbon.Fm (Mac)
  • Carbon.Folder (Mac)
  • Carbon.Folders (Mac)
  • Carbon.Fonts (Mac)
  • Carbon.Help (Mac)
  • Carbon.IBCarbon (Mac)
  • Carbon.IBCarbonRuntime (Mac)
  • Carbon.Icns (Mac)
  • Carbon.Icons (Mac)
  • Carbon.Launch (Mac)
  • Carbon.LaunchServices (Mac)
  • Carbon.List (Mac)
  • Carbon.Lists (Mac)
  • Carbon.MacHelp (Mac)
  • Carbon.MediaDescr (Mac)
  • Carbon.Menu (Mac)
  • Carbon.Menus (Mac)
  • Carbon.Mlte (Mac)
  • Carbon.OSA (Mac)
  • Carbon.OSAconst (Mac)
  • Carbon.Qd (Mac)
  • Carbon.Qdoffs (Mac)
  • Carbon.QDOffscreen (Mac)
  • Carbon.Qt (Mac)
  • Carbon.QuickDraw (Mac)
  • Carbon.QuickTime (Mac)
  • Carbon.Res (Mac)
  • Carbon.Resources (Mac)
  • Carbon.Scrap (Mac)
  • Carbon.Snd (Mac)
  • Carbon.Sound (Mac)
  • Carbon.TE (Mac)
  • Carbon.TextEdit (Mac)
  • Carbon.Win (Mac)
  • Carbon.Windows (Mac)
  • cd (IRIX)
  • cfmfile (Mac)
  • cgi
  • CGIHTTPServer
  • cgitb
  • chunk
  • cmath
  • cmd
  • code
  • codecs
  • codeop
  • collections
  • ColorPicker (Mac)
  • colorsys
  • commands (Unix)
  • compileall
  • compiler
  • compiler.ast
  • compiler.visitor
  • ConfigParser
  • contextlib
  • Cookie
  • cookielib
  • copy
  • copy_reg
  • cPickle
  • cProfile
  • crypt (Unix)
  • cStringIO
  • csv
  • ctypes
  • curses (Unix)
  • curses.ascii
  • curses.panel
  • curses.textpad
  • datetime
  • dbhash
  • dbm (Unix)
  • decimal
  • DEVICE (IRIX)
  • difflib
  • dircache
  • dis
  • distutils
  • distutils.archive_util
  • distutils.bcppcompiler
  • distutils.ccompiler
  • distutils.cmd
  • distutils.command
  • distutils.command.bdist
  • distutils.command.bdist_dumb
  • distutils.command.bdist_msi
  • distutils.command.bdist_packager
  • distutils.command.bdist_rpm
  • distutils.command.bdist_wininst
  • distutils.command.build
  • distutils.command.build_clib
  • distutils.command.build_ext
  • distutils.command.build_py
  • distutils.command.build_scripts
  • distutils.command.check
  • distutils.command.clean
  • distutils.command.config
  • distutils.command.install
  • distutils.command.install_data
  • distutils.command.install_headers
  • distutils.command.install_lib
  • distutils.command.install_scripts
  • distutils.command.register
  • distutils.command.sdist
  • distutils.core
  • distutils.cygwinccompiler
  • distutils.debug
  • distutils.dep_util
  • distutils.dir_util
  • distutils.dist
  • distutils.emxccompiler
  • distutils.errors
  • distutils.extension
  • distutils.fancy_getopt
  • distutils.file_util
  • distutils.filelist
  • distutils.log
  • distutils.msvccompiler
  • distutils.spawn
  • distutils.sysconfig
  • distutils.text_file
  • distutils.unixccompiler
  • distutils.util
  • distutils.version
  • dl (Unix)
  • doctest
  • DocXMLRPCServer
  • dumbdbm
  • dummy_thread
  • dummy_threading
  • EasyDialogs (Mac)
  • email
  • email.charset
  • email.encoders
  • email.errors
  • email.generator
  • email.header
  • email.iterators
  • email.message
  • email.mime
  • email.parser
  • email.utils
  • encodings.idna
  • encodings.utf_8_sig
  • errno
  • exceptions
  • fcntl (Unix)
  • filecmp
  • fileinput
  • findertools (Mac)
  • FL (IRIX)
  • fl (IRIX)
  • flp (IRIX)
  • fm (IRIX)
  • fnmatch
  • formatter
  • fpectl (Unix)
  • fpformat
  • fractions
  • FrameWork (Mac)
  • ftplib
  • functools
  • future_builtins
  • gc
  • gdbm (Unix)
  • gensuitemodule (Mac)
  • getopt
  • getpass
  • gettext
  • gl (IRIX)
  • GL (IRIX)
  • glob
  • grp (Unix)
  • gzip
  • hashlib
  • heapq
  • hmac
  • hotshot
  • hotshot.stats
  • htmlentitydefs
  • htmllib
  • HTMLParser
  • httplib
  • ic (Mac)
  • icopen (Mac)
  • imageop
  • imaplib
  • imgfile (IRIX)
  • imghdr
  • imp
  • importlib
  • imputil
  • inspect
  • io
  • itertools
  • jpeg (IRIX)
  • json
  • keyword
  • lib2to3
  • linecache
  • locale
  • logging
  • logging.config
  • logging.handlers
  • macerrors (Mac)
  • MacOS (Mac)
  • macostools (Mac)
  • macpath
  • macresource (Mac)
  • mailbox
  • mailcap
  • marshal
  • math
  • md5
  • mhlib
  • mimetools
  • mimetypes
  • MimeWriter
  • mimify
  • MiniAEFrame (Mac)
  • mmap
  • modulefinder
  • msilib (Windows)
  • msvcrt (Windows)
  • multifile
  • multiprocessing
  • multiprocessing.connection
  • multiprocessing.dummy
  • multiprocessing.managers
  • multiprocessing.pool
  • multiprocessing.sharedctypes
  • mutex
  • Nav (Mac)
  • netrc
  • new
  • nis (Unix)
  • nntplib
  • numbers
  • operator
  • optparse
  • os
  • os.path
  • ossaudiodev (Linux, FreeBSD)
  • parser
  • pdb
  • pickle
  • pickletools
  • pipes (Unix)
  • PixMapWrapper (Mac)
  • pkgutil
  • platform
  • plistlib
  • popen2
  • poplib
  • posix (Unix)
  • posixfile (Unix)
  • pprint
  • profile
  • pstats
  • pty (Linux)
  • pwd (Unix)
  • py_compile
  • pyclbr
  • pydoc
  • Queue
  • quopri
  • random
  • re
  • readline (Unix)
  • repr
  • resource (Unix)
  • rexec
  • rfc822
  • rlcompleter
  • robotparser
  • runpy
  • sched
  • ScrolledText (Tk)
  • select
  • sets
  • sgmllib
  • sha
  • shelve
  • shlex
  • shutil
  • signal
  • SimpleHTTPServer
  • SimpleXMLRPCServer
  • site
  • smtpd
  • smtplib
  • sndhdr
  • socket
  • SocketServer
  • spwd (Unix)
  • sqlite3
  • ssl
  • stat
  • statvfs
  • string
  • StringIO
  • stringprep
  • struct
  • subprocess
  • sunau
  • sunaudiodev (SunOS)
  • SUNAUDIODEV (SunOS)
  • symbol
  • symtable
  • sys
  • sysconfig
  • syslog (Unix)
  • tabnanny
  • tarfile
  • telnetlib
  • tempfile
  • termios (Unix)
  • test
  • test.test_support
  • textwrap
  • thread
  • threading
  • time
  • timeit
  • Tix
  • Tkinter
  • token
  • tokenize
  • trace
  • traceback
  • ttk
  • tty (Unix)
  • turtle
  • types
  • unicodedata
  • unittest
  • urllib
  • urllib2
  • urlparse
  • user
  • UserDict
  • UserList
  • UserString
  • uu
  • uuid
  • videoreader (Mac)
  • W (Mac)
  • warnings
  • wave
  • weakref
  • webbrowser
  • whichdb
  • winsound (Windows)
  • wsgiref
  • wsgiref.handlers
  • wsgiref.headers
  • wsgiref.simple_server
  • wsgiref.util
  • wsgiref.validate
  • xdrlib
  • xml.dom
  • xml.dom.minidom
  • xml.dom.pulldom
  • xml.etree.ElementTree
  • xml.parsers.expat
  • xml.sax
  • xml.sax.handler
  • xml.sax.saxutils
  • xml.sax.xmlreader
  • xmlrpclib
  • zipfile
  • zipimport
  • zlib

Website

PEPs

Newsgroups

Advanced search

Package index

Browse the tree of packages

Issue tracker

  • A