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1.5

  • Contents
  • image-plus1 Whetting Your Appetite
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Where From Here
  • image-plus2 Using the Python Interpreter
    • image-plus2.1 Invoking the Interpreter
      • Argument Passing
      • Interactive Mode
    • image-plus2.2 The Interpreter and its Environment
      • Error Handling
      • Executable Python scripts
      • The Interactive Startup File
  • image-plus3 An Informal Introduction to Python
    • image-plus3.1 Using Python as a Calculator
      • Numbers
      • Strings
      • Lists
    • 3.2 First Steps Towards Programming
  • image-plus4 More Control Flow Tools
    • 4.1 If Statements
    • 4.2 For Statements
    • 4.3 The range() Function
    • 4.4 Break and Continue Statements, and Else Clauses on Loops
    • 4.5 Pass Statements
    • 4.6 Defining Functions
    • image-plus4.7 More on Defining Functions
      • Default Argument Values
      • Keyword Arguments
      • Arbitrary Argument Lists
  • image-plus5 Data Structures
    • image-plus5.1 More on Lists
      • Functional Programming Tools
    • 5.2 The del statement
    • 5.3 Tuples and Sequences
    • 5.4 Dictionaries
    • 5.5 More on Conditions
    • 5.6 Comparing Sequences and Other Types
  • image-plus6 Modules
    • image-plus6.1 More on Modules
      • The Module Search Path
      • ``Compiled'' Python files
    • 6.2 Standard Modules
    • 6.3 The dir() function
  • image-plus7 Input and Output
    • 7.1 Fancier Output Formatting
    • image-plus7.2 Reading and Writing Files
      • Methods of file objects
      • The pickle module
  • image-plus8 Errors and Exceptions
    • 8.1 Syntax Errors
    • 8.2 Exceptions
    • 8.3 Handling Exceptions
    • 8.4 Raising Exceptions
    • 8.5 User-defined Exceptions
    • 8.6 Defining Clean-up Actions
  • image-plus9 Classes
    • 9.1 A word about terminology
    • 9.2 Python scopes and name spaces
    • image-plus9.3 A first look at classes
      • Class definition syntax
      • Class objects
      • Instance objects
      • Method objects
    • 9.4 Random remarks
    • image-plus9.5 Inheritance
      • Multiple inheritance
    • 9.6 Private variables through name mangling
    • image-plus9.7 Odds and ends
      • Exceptions Can Be Classes
  • 10 What Now?
  • image-plus11 Recent Additions as of Release 1.1
    • 11.1 Lambda Forms
    • 11.2 Documentation Strings
  • image-plusA Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
    • A.1 Line Editing
    • A.2 History Substitution
    • A.3 Key Bindings
    • A.4 Commentary
  • About this document ...
  • Chapter 1: - Introduction
  • Chapter 2: - Lexical analysis
  • Chapter 3: - Data model
  • Chapter 4: - Execution model
  • Chapter 5: - Expressions
  • Chapter 6: - Simple statements
  • Chapter 7: - Compound statements
  • Chapter 8: - Top-level components
  • Contents
  • 1 Introduction
  • image-plus2 Built-in Types, Exceptions and Functions
    • image-plus2.1 Built-in Types
      • Truth Value Testing
      • Boolean Operations
      • Comparisons
      • Numeric Types
      • Sequence Types
      • Mapping Types
      • Other Built-in Types
      • Special Attributes
    • 2.2 Built-in Exceptions
    • 2.3 Built-in Functions
  • image-plus3 Python Services
    • 3.1 Built-in Module sys
    • 3.2 Standard Module types
    • 3.3 Standard Modules UserDict and UserList
    • 3.4 Built-in Module operator
    • 3.5 Standard Module traceback
    • 3.6 Standard Module pickle
    • Standard Module copy_reg
    • 3.8 Standard Module shelve
    • 3.9 Standard Module copy
    • 3.10 Built-in Module marshal
    • image-plus3.11 Built-in Module imp
      • Examples
    • 3.12 Standard Module ni
    • image-plus3.13 Built-in Module parser
      • Creating AST Objects
      • Converting AST Objects
      • Queries on AST Objects
      • Exceptions and Error Handling
      • AST Objects
      • Examples
    • 3.14 Standard Module symbol
    • 3.15 Standard Module token
    • 3.16 Standard Module keyword
    • 3.17 Standard Module code
    • image-plus3.18 Standard Module pprint
      • PrettyPrinter Objects
    • image-plus3.19 Standard Module dis
      • Python Byte Code Instructions
    • 3.20 Standard Module site
    • 3.21 Standard Module user
    • Built-in Module __builtin__
    • Built-in Module __main__
  • image-plus4 String Services
    • 4.1 Standard Module string
    • image-plus4.2 Built-in Module re
      • Regular Expression Syntax
      • Module Contents
      • Regular Expression Objects
      • Match Objects
    • image-plus4.3 Built-in Module regex
      • Regular Expressions
      • Module Contents
    • 4.4 Standard Module regsub
    • 4.5 Built-in Module struct
    • 4.6 Standard Module StringIO
    • 4.7 Built-in Module soundex
  • image-plus5 Miscellaneous Services
    • 5.1 Built-in Module math
    • 5.2 Built-in Module cmath
    • 5.3 Standard Module whrandom
    • 5.4 Standard Module random
    • 5.5 Standard Module rand
    • 5.6 Built-in Module array
  • image-plus6 Generic Operating System Services
    • 6.1 Standard Module os
    • 6.2 Built-in Module time
    • 6.3 Standard Module getopt
    • 6.4 Standard Module tempfile
    • 6.5 Standard Module errno
    • 6.6 Standard Module glob
    • 6.7 Standard Module fnmatch
    • 6.8 Standard Module locale
  • image-plus7 Optional Operating System Services
    • 7.1 Built-in Module signal
    • image-plus7.2 Built-in Module socket
      • Socket Objects
      • Example
    • 7.3 Built-in Module select
    • 7.4 Built-in Module thread
    • image-plus7.5 Standard Module Queue
      • Queue Objects
    • 7.6 Standard Modules anydbm and dumbdbm
    • 7.7 Standard Module whichdb
    • 7.8 Built-in Module zlib
    • 7.9 Built-in Module gzip
  • image-plus8 Unix Specific Services
    • 8.1 Built-in Module posix
    • 8.2 Standard Module posixpath
    • 8.3 Built-in Module pwd
    • 8.4 Built-in Module grp
    • 8.5 Built-in Module crypt
    • 8.6 Built-in Module dbm
    • 8.7 Built-in Module gdbm
    • image-plus8.8 Built-in Module termios
      • Example
    • 8.9 Standard Module TERMIOS
    • 8.10 Built-in Module fcntl
    • 8.11 Standard Module posixfile
    • image-plus8.12 Built-in Module resource
      • Resource Limits
      • Resource Usage
    • 8.13 Built-in Module syslog
    • 8.14 Standard Module stat
    • 8.15 Standard Module commands
  • image-plus9 The Python Debugger
    • 9.1 Debugger Commands
    • 9.2 How It Works
  • image-plus10 The Python Profiler
    • 10.1 Introduction to the profiler
    • 10.2 How Is This Profiler Different From The Old Profiler?
    • 10.3 Instant Users Manual
    • 10.4 What Is Deterministic Profiling?
    • image-plus10.5 Reference Manual
      • The Stats Class
    • 10.6 Limitations
    • 10.7 Calibration
    • image-plus10.8 Extensions - Deriving Better Profilers
      • OldProfile Class
      • HotProfile Class
  • image-plus11 Internet and WWW Services
    • image-plus11.1 Standard Module cgi
      • Introduction
      • Using the cgi module
      • Old classes
      • Functions
      • Caring about security
      • Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
      • Testing your CGI script
      • Debugging CGI scripts
      • Common problems and solutions
    • 11.2 Standard Module urllib
    • image-plus11.3 Standard Module httplib
      • HTTP Objects
      • Example
    • image-plus11.4 Standard Module ftplib
      • FTP Objects
    • 11.5 Standard Module gopherlib
    • image-plus11.6 Standard Module nntplib
      • NNTP Objects
    • 11.7 Standard Module urlparse
    • 11.8 Standard Module sgmllib
    • 11.9 Standard Module htmllib
    • 11.10 Standard Module xmllib
    • image-plus11.11 Standard Module formatter
      • The Formatter Interface
      • Formatter Implementations
      • The Writer Interface
      • Writer Implementations
    • image-plus11.12 Standard Module rfc822
      • Message Objects
    • image-plus11.13 Standard Module mimetools
      • Additional Methods of Message objects
    • image-plus11.14 Standard Module binhex
      • Notes
    • 11.15 Standard Module uu
    • 11.16 Built-in Module binascii
    • image-plus11.17 Standard Module xdrlib
      • Packer Objects
      • Unpacker Objects
      • Exceptions
    • 11.18 Standard Module mailcap
    • 11.19 Standard Module base64
    • 11.20 Standard Module quopri
    • 11.21 Standard Module SocketServer
    • image-plus11.22 Standard Module mailbox
      • Mailbox Objects
    • 11.23 Standard Module mimify
    • 11.24 Standard Module BaseHTTPServer
  • image-plus12 Restricted Execution
    • image-plus12.1 Standard Module rexec
      • An example
    • 12.2 Standard Module Bastion
  • image-plus13 Multimedia Services
    • 13.1 Built-in Module audioop
    • 13.2 Built-in Module imageop
    • 13.3 Standard Module aifc
    • 13.4 Built-in Module jpeg
    • 13.5 Built-in Module rgbimg
    • 13.6 Standard Module imghdr
  • image-plus14 Cryptographic Services
    • 14.1 Built-in Module md5
    • 14.2 Built-in Module mpz
    • 14.3 Built-in Module rotor
  • image-plus15 Macintosh Specific Services
    • 15.1 Built-in Module mac
    • 15.2 Standard Module macpath
    • image-plus15.3 Built-in Module ctb
      • connection object
    • image-plus15.4 Built-in Module macconsole
      • macconsole options object
      • console window object
    • image-plus15.5 Built-in Module macdnr
      • dnr result object
    • image-plus15.6 Built-in Module macfs
      • FSSpec objects
      • alias objects
      • FInfo objects
    • image-plus15.7 Standard Module ic
      • IC objects
    • 15.8 Built-in Module MacOS
    • 15.9 Standard Module macostools
    • 15.10 Standard Module findertools
    • image-plus15.11 Built-in Module mactcp
      • TCP Stream Objects
      • TCP Status Objects
      • UDP Stream Objects
    • image-plus15.12 Built-in Module macspeech
      • voice objects
      • speech channel objects
    • 15.13 Standard Module EasyDialogs
    • image-plus15.14 Standard Module FrameWork
      • Application objects
      • Window Objects
      • ControlsWindow Object
      • ScrolledWindow Object
      • DialogWindow Objects
    • image-plus15.15 Standard Module MiniAEFrame
      • AEServer Objects
  • image-plus16 SGI IRIX Specific Services
    • image-plus16.1 Built-in Module al
      • Configuration Objects
      • Port Objects
    • 16.2 Standard Module AL
    • 16.3 Built-in Module cd
    • image-plus16.4 Built-in Module fl
      • Functions Defined in Module fl
      • Form Objects
      • FORMS Objects
    • 16.5 Standard Module FL
    • 16.6 Standard Module flp
    • 16.7 Built-in Module fm
    • 16.8 Built-in Module gl
    • 16.9 Standard Modules GL and DEVICE
    • 16.10 Built-in Module imgfile
  • image-plus17 SunOS Specific Services
    • image-plus17.1 Built-in Module sunaudiodev
      • Audio Device Objects
  • image-plus18 Undocumented Modules
    • 18.1 Fundamental, and pretty straightforward to document
    • 18.2 Frameworks; somewhat harder to document, but well worth the effort
    • 18.3 Stuff useful to a lot of people, including the CGI crowd
    • 18.4 Miscellaneous useful utilities
    • 18.5 Parsing Python
    • 18.6 Platform specific modules
    • 18.7 Code objects and files, debugger etc.
    • 18.8 Multimedia
    • 18.9 Oddities
    • 18.10 Obsolete
    • 18.11 Extension modules
  • Module Index
  • Index
  • About this document ...
  • Contents
  • image-plus1 Introduction
    • 1.1 Include Files
    • image-plus1.2 Objects, Types and Reference Counts
      • Reference Counts
      • Types
    • 1.3 Exceptions
    • 1.4 Embedding Python
  • 2 The Very High Level Layer
  • 3 Reference Counting
  • image-plus4 Exception Handling
    • 4.1 Standard Exceptions
  • image-plus5 Utilities
    • 5.1 OS Utilities
    • 5.2 Process Control
    • 5.3 Importing Modules
  • image-plus6 Abstract Objects Layer
    • 6.1 Object Protocol
    • 6.2 Number Protocol
    • 6.3 Sequence Protocol
    • 6.4 Mapping Protocol
    • 6.5 Constructors
  • image-plus7 Concrete Objects Layer
    • image-plus7.1 Fundamental Objects
      • Type Objects
      • The None Object
    • image-plus7.2 Sequence Objects
      • String Objects
      • Tuple Objects
      • List Objects
    • image-plus7.3 Mapping Objects
      • Dictionary Objects
    • image-plus7.4 Numeric Objects
      • Plain Integer Objects
      • Long Integer Objects
      • Floating Point Objects
      • Complex Number Objects
    • image-plus7.5 Other Objects
      • File Objects
      • CObjects
  • image-plus8 Initialization, Finalization, and Threads
    • 8.1 Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock
  • 9 Defining New Object Types
  • 10 Debugging
  • Index
  • About this document ...
  • Contents
  • image-plusExtending Python with C or C++ code
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 A Simple Example
    • 1.3 Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions
    • 1.4 Back to the Example
    • 1.5 The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function
    • 1.6 Compilation and Linkage
    • 1.7 Calling Python Functions From C
    • Format Strings for PyArg_ParseTuple()
    • Keyword Parsing with PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()
    • The Py_BuildValue() Function
    • image-plus1.11 Reference Counts
      • Introduction
      • Reference Counting in Python
      • Ownership Rules
      • Thin Ice
      • NULL Pointers
    • Writing Extensions in C++
  • image-plus2 Embedding Python in another application
    • Embedding Python in C++
  • image-plus3 Dynamic Loading
    • image-plus3.1 Configuring and Building the Interpreter for Dynamic Loading
      • Shared Libraries
      • SGI IRIX 4 Dynamic Loading
      • GNU Dynamic Loading
    • image-plus3.2 Building a Dynamically Loadable Module
      • Shared Libraries
      • SGI IRIX 4 Dynamic Loading
      • GNU Dynamic Loading
  • About this document ...

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