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3.1

  • 1. Whetting Your Appetite
  • image-plus2. Using the Python Interpreter
    • image-plus2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
      • 2.1.1. Argument Passing
      • 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
    • image-plus2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
      • 2.2.1. Error Handling
      • 2.2.2. Executable Python Scripts
      • 2.2.3. Source Code Encoding
      • 2.2.4. The Interactive Startup File
  • image-plus3. An Informal Introduction to Python
    • image-plus3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
      • 3.1.1. Numbers
      • 3.1.2. Strings
      • 3.1.3. About Unicode
      • 3.1.4. Lists
    • 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
  • image-plus4. More Control Flow Tools
    • 4.1. if Statements
    • 4.2. for Statements
    • 4.3. The range() Function
    • 4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops
    • 4.5. pass Statements
    • 4.6. Defining Functions
    • image-plus4.7. More on Defining Functions
      • 4.7.1. Default Argument Values
      • 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
      • 4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists
      • 4.7.4. Unpacking Argument Lists
      • 4.7.5. Lambda Forms
      • 4.7.6. Documentation Strings
    • 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
  • image-plus5. Data Structures
    • image-plus5.1. More on Lists
      • 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
      • 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
      • 5.1.3. List Comprehensions
      • 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
    • 5.2. The del statement
    • 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
    • 5.4. Sets
    • 5.5. Dictionaries
    • 5.6. Looping Techniques
    • 5.7. More on Conditions
    • 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
  • image-plus6. Modules
    • image-plus6.1. More on Modules
      • 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
      • 6.1.2. The Module Search Path
      • 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
    • 6.2. Standard Modules
    • 6.3. The dir() Function
    • image-plus6.4. Packages
      • 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package
      • 6.4.2. Intra-package References
      • 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
  • image-plus7. Input and Output
    • image-plus7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
      • 7.1.1. Old string formatting
    • image-plus7.2. Reading and Writing Files
      • 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
      • 7.2.2. The pickle Module
  • image-plus8. Errors and Exceptions
    • 8.1. Syntax Errors
    • 8.2. Exceptions
    • 8.3. Handling Exceptions
    • 8.4. Raising Exceptions
    • 8.5. User-defined Exceptions
    • 8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions
    • 8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions
  • image-plus9. Classes
    • 9.1. A Word About Terminology
    • image-plus9.2. Python Scopes and Name Spaces
      • 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
    • image-plus9.3. A First Look at Classes
      • 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
      • 9.3.2. Class Objects
      • 9.3.3. Instance Objects
      • 9.3.4. Method Objects
    • 9.4. Random Remarks
    • image-plus9.5. Inheritance
      • 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
    • 9.6. Private Variables
    • 9.7. Odds and Ends
    • 9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too
    • 9.9. Iterators
    • 9.10. Generators
    • 9.11. Generator Expressions
  • image-plus10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
    • 10.1. Operating System Interface
    • 10.2. File Wildcards
    • 10.3. Command Line Arguments
    • 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
    • 10.5. String Pattern Matching
    • 10.6. Mathematics
    • 10.7. Internet Access
    • 10.8. Dates and Times
    • 10.9. Data Compression
    • 10.10. Performance Measurement
    • 10.11. Quality Control
    • 10.12. Batteries Included
  • image-plus11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II
    • 11.1. Output Formatting
    • 11.2. Templating
    • 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
    • 11.4. Multi-threading
    • 11.5. Logging
    • 11.6. Weak References
    • 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
    • 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
  • 12. What Now?
  • image-plus13. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
    • 13.1. Line Editing
    • 13.2. History Substitution
    • 13.3. Key Bindings
    • 13.4. Commentary
  • image-plus14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
    • 14.1. Representation Error
  • image-plus1. Introduction
    • 1.1. Alternate Implementations
    • 1.2. Notation
  • image-plus2. Lexical analysis
    • 2.1. Line structure
    • 2.2. Other tokens
    • 2.3. Identifiers and keywords
    • 2.4. Literals
    • 2.5. Operators
    • 2.6. Delimiters
  • image-plus3. Data model
    • 3.1. Objects, values and types
    • 3.2. The standard type hierarchy
    • 3.3. Special method names
  • image-plus4. Execution model
    • 4.1. Naming and binding
    • 4.2. Exceptions
  • image-plus5. Expressions
    • 5.1. Arithmetic conversions
    • 5.2. Atoms
    • 5.3. Primaries
    • 5.4. The power operator
    • 5.5. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
    • 5.6. Binary arithmetic operations
    • 5.7. Shifting operations
    • 5.8. Binary bitwise operations
    • 5.9. Comparisons
    • 5.10. Boolean operations
    • 5.11. Lambdas
    • 5.12. Expression lists
    • 5.13. Evaluation order
    • 5.14. Summary
  • image-plus6. Simple statements
    • 6.1. Expression statements
    • 6.2. Assignment statements
    • 6.3. The assert statement
    • 6.4. The pass statement
    • 6.5. The del statement
    • 6.6. The return statement
    • 6.7. The yield statement
    • 6.8. The raise statement
    • 6.9. The break statement
    • 6.10. The continue statement
    • 6.11. The import statement
    • 6.12. The global statement
    • 6.13. The nonlocal statement
  • image-plus7. Compound statements
    • 7.1. The if statement
    • 7.2. The while statement
    • 7.3. The for statement
    • 7.4. The try statement
    • 7.5. The with statement
    • 7.6. Function definitions
    • 7.7. Class definitions
  • image-plus8. Top-level components
    • 8.1. Complete Python programs
    • 8.2. File input
    • 8.3. Interactive input
    • 8.4. Expression input
  • 9. Full Grammar specification
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Built-in Functions
  • image-plus3. Built-in Constants
    • 3.1. Constants added by the site module
  • 4. Built-in Objects
  • image-plus5. Built-in Types
    • 5.1. Truth Value Testing
    • 5.2. Boolean Operations — and, or, not
    • 5.3. Comparisons
    • 5.4. Numeric Types — int, float, complex
    • 5.5. Iterator Types
    • 5.6. Sequence Types — str, bytes, bytearray, list, tuple, range
    • 5.7. Set Types — set, frozenset
    • 5.8. Mapping Types — dict
    • 5.9. File Objects
    • 5.10. memoryview Types
    • 5.11. Context Manager Types
    • 5.12. Other Built-in Types
    • 5.13. Special Attributes
  • 6. Built-in Exceptions
  • image-plus7. String Services
    • 7.1. string — Common string operations
    • 7.2. re — Regular expression operations
    • 7.3. struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary data
    • 7.4. difflib — Helpers for computing deltas
    • 7.5. textwrap — Text wrapping and filling
    • 7.6. codecs — Codec registry and base classes
    • 7.7. unicodedata — Unicode Database
    • 7.8. stringprep — Internet String Preparation
  • image-plus8. Data Types
    • 8.1. datetime — Basic date and time types
    • 8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions
    • 8.3. collections — Container datatypes
    • 8.4. heapq — Heap queue algorithm
    • 8.5. bisect — Array bisection algorithm
    • 8.6. array — Efficient arrays of numeric values
    • 8.7. sched — Event scheduler
    • 8.8. queue — A synchronized queue class
    • 8.9. weakref — Weak references
    • 8.10. types — Names for built-in types
    • 8.11. copy — Shallow and deep copy operations
    • 8.12. pprint — Data pretty printer
    • 8.13. reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation
  • image-plus9. Numeric and Mathematical Modules
    • 9.1. numbers — Numeric abstract base classes
    • 9.2. math — Mathematical functions
    • 9.3. cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers
    • 9.4. decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
    • 9.5. fractions — Rational numbers
    • 9.6. random — Generate pseudo-random numbers
    • 9.7. itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
    • 9.8. functools — Higher order functions and operations on callable objects
    • 9.9. operator — Standard operators as functions
  • image-plus10. File and Directory Access
    • 10.1. os.path — Common pathname manipulations
    • 10.2. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
    • 10.3. stat — Interpreting stat() results
    • 10.4. filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
    • 10.5. tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
    • 10.6. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
    • 10.7. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
    • 10.8. linecache — Random access to text lines
    • 10.9. shutil — High-level file operations
    • 10.10. macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions
  • image-plus11. Data Persistence
    • 11.1. pickle — Python object serialization
    • 11.2. copyreg — Register pickle support functions
    • 11.3. shelve — Python object persistence
    • 11.4. marshal — Internal Python object serialization
    • 11.5. dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases”
    • 11.6. sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
  • image-plus12. Data Compression and Archiving
    • 12.1. zlib — Compression compatible with gzip
    • 12.2. gzip — Support for gzip files
    • 12.3. bz2 — Compression compatible with bzip2
    • 12.4. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives
    • 12.5. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files
  • image-plus13. File Formats
    • 13.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing
    • 13.2. configparser — Configuration file parser
    • 13.3. netrc — netrc file processing
    • 13.4. xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data
    • 13.5. plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files
  • image-plus14. Cryptographic Services
    • 14.1. hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests
    • 14.2. hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
  • image-plus15. Generic Operating System Services
    • 15.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
    • 15.2. io — Core tools for working with streams
    • 15.3. time — Time access and conversions
    • 15.4. optparse — More powerful command line option parser
    • 15.5. getopt — Parser for command line options
    • 15.6. logging — Logging facility for Python
    • 15.7. getpass — Portable password input
    • 15.8. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
    • 15.9. curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
    • 15.10. curses.wrapper — Terminal handler for curses programs
    • 15.11. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters
    • 15.12. curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
    • 15.13. platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
    • 15.14. errno — Standard errno system symbols
    • 15.15. ctypes — A foreign function library for Python
  • image-plus16. Optional Operating System Services
    • 16.1. select — Waiting for I/O completion
    • 16.2. threading — Higher-level threading interface
    • 16.3. dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module
    • 16.4. _thread — Low-level threading API
    • 16.5. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module
    • 16.6. multiprocessing — Process-based “threading” interface
    • 16.7. mmap — Memory-mapped file support
    • 16.8. readline — GNU readline interface
    • 16.9. rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline
  • image-plus17. Interprocess Communication and Networking
    • 17.1. subprocess — Subprocess management
    • 17.2. socket — Low-level networking interface
    • 17.3. ssl — SSL wrapper for socket objects
    • 17.4. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
    • 17.5. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler
    • 17.6. asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler
  • image-plus18. Internet Data Handling
    • 18.1. email — An email and MIME handling package
    • 18.2. json — JSON encoder and decoder
    • 18.3. mailcap — Mailcap file handling
    • 18.4. mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
    • 18.5. mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types
    • 18.6. base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings
    • 18.7. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files
    • 18.8. binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII
    • 18.9. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
    • 18.10. uu — Encode and decode uuencode files
  • image-plus19. Structured Markup Processing Tools
    • 19.1. html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser
    • 19.2. html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entities
    • 19.3. xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat
    • 19.4. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API
    • 19.5. xml.dom.minidom — Lightweight DOM implementation
    • 19.6. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees
    • 19.7. xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
    • 19.8. xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers
    • 19.9. xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities
    • 19.10. xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers
    • 19.11. xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API
  • image-plus20. Internet Protocols and Support
    • 20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
    • 20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
    • 20.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
    • 20.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
    • 20.5. urllib.request — extensible library for opening URLs
    • 20.6. urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib.
    • 20.7. urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components
    • 20.8. urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request
    • 20.9. urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt
    • 20.10. http.client — HTTP protocol client
    • 20.11. ftplib — FTP protocol client
    • 20.12. poplib — POP3 protocol client
    • 20.13. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
    • 20.14. nntplib — NNTP protocol client
    • 20.15. smtplib — SMTP protocol client
    • 20.16. smtpd — SMTP Server
    • 20.17. telnetlib — Telnet client
    • 20.18. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
    • 20.19. socketserver — A framework for network servers
    • 20.20. http.server — HTTP servers
    • 20.21. http.cookies — HTTP state management
    • 20.22. http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
    • 20.23. xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
    • 20.24. xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers
  • image-plus21. Multimedia Services
    • 21.1. audioop — Manipulate raw audio data
    • 21.2. aifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
    • 21.3. sunau — Read and write Sun AU files
    • 21.4. wave — Read and write WAV files
    • 21.5. chunk — Read IFF chunked data
    • 21.6. colorsys — Conversions between color systems
    • 21.7. imghdr — Determine the type of an image
    • 21.8. sndhdr — Determine type of sound file
    • 21.9. ossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
  • image-plus22. Internationalization
    • 22.1. gettext — Multilingual internationalization services
    • 22.2. locale — Internationalization services
  • image-plus23. Program Frameworks
    • 23.1. cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters
    • 23.2. shlex — Simple lexical analysis
  • image-plus24. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk
    • 24.1. tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk
    • 24.2. tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgets
    • 24.3. tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk
    • 24.4. tkinter.scrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widget
    • 24.5. turtle — Turtle graphics for Tk
    • 24.6. IDLE
    • 24.7. Other Graphical User Interface Packages
  • image-plus25. Development Tools
    • 25.1. pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system
    • 25.2. doctest — Test interactive Python examples
    • 25.3. unittest — Unit testing framework
    • 25.4. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation
    • 25.5. test — Regression tests package for Python
    • 25.6. test.support — Utility functions for tests
  • image-plus26. Debugging and Profiling
    • 26.1. bdb — Debugger framework
    • 26.2. pdb — The Python Debugger
    • 26.3. Debugger Commands
    • 26.4. The Python Profilers
    • 26.5. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets
    • 26.6. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution
  • image-plus27. Python Runtime Services
    • 27.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions
    • 27.2. builtins — Built-in objects
    • 27.3. __main__ — Top-level script environment
    • 27.4. warnings — Warning control
    • 27.5. contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts
    • 27.6. abc — Abstract Base Classes
    • 27.7. atexit — Exit handlers
    • 27.8. traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
    • 27.9. __future__ — Future statement definitions
    • 27.10. gc — Garbage Collector interface
    • 27.11. inspect — Inspect live objects
    • 27.12. site — Site-specific configuration hook
    • 27.13. fpectl — Floating point exception control
  • image-plus28. Custom Python Interpreters
    • 28.1. code — Interpreter base classes
    • 28.2. codeop — Compile Python code
  • image-plus29. Importing Modules
    • 29.1. imp — Access the import internals
    • 29.2. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives
    • 29.3. pkgutil — Package extension utility
    • 29.4. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script
    • 29.5. runpy — Locating and executing Python modules
    • 29.6. importlib – An implementation of import
  • image-plus30. Python Language Services
    • 30.1. parser — Access Python parse trees
    • 30.2. Abstract Syntax Trees
    • 30.3. symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables
    • 30.4. symbol — Constants used with Python parse trees
    • 30.5. token — Constants used with Python parse trees
    • 30.6. keyword — Testing for Python keywords
    • 30.7. tokenize — Tokenizer for Python source
    • 30.8. tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentation
    • 30.9. pyclbr — Python class browser support
    • 30.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files
    • 30.11. compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries
    • 30.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode
    • 30.13. pickletools — Tools for pickle developers
    • 30.14. distutils — Building and installing Python modules
  • image-plus31. Miscellaneous Services
    • 31.1. formatter — Generic output formatting
  • image-plus32. MS Windows Specific Services
    • 32.1. msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer files
    • 32.2. msvcrt – Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
    • 32.3. winreg – Windows registry access
    • 32.4. winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windows
  • image-plus33. Unix Specific Services
    • 33.1. posix — The most common POSIX system calls
    • 33.2. pwd — The password database
    • 33.3. spwd — The shadow password database
    • 33.4. grp — The group database
    • 33.5. crypt — Function to check Unix passwords
    • 33.6. termios — POSIX style tty control
    • 33.7. tty — Terminal control functions
    • 33.8. pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities
    • 33.9. fcntl — The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls
    • 33.10. pipes — Interface to shell pipelines
    • 33.11. resource — Resource usage information
    • 33.12. nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)
    • 33.13. syslog — Unix syslog library routines
  • image-plus34. Undocumented Modules
    • 34.1. Platform specific modules
  • image-plusIntroduction
    • Include Files
    • Objects, Types and Reference Counts
    • Exceptions
    • Embedding Python
    • Debugging Builds
  • The Very High Level Layer
  • Reference Counting
  • image-plusException Handling
    • Exception Objects
    • Standard Exceptions
  • image-plusUtilities
    • Operating System Utilities
    • System Functions
    • Process Control
    • Importing Modules
    • Data marshalling support
    • Parsing arguments and building values
    • String conversion and formatting
    • Reflection
  • image-plusAbstract Objects Layer
    • Object Protocol
    • Number Protocol
    • Sequence Protocol
    • Mapping Protocol
    • Iterator Protocol
    • Buffer Protocol
  • image-plusConcrete Objects Layer
    • Fundamental Objects
    • Numeric Objects
    • Sequence Objects
    • Mapping Objects
    • Other Objects
  • image-plusInitialization, Finalization, and Threads
    • Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock
    • Asynchronous Notifications
    • Profiling and Tracing
    • Advanced Debugger Support
  • image-plusMemory Management
    • Overview
    • Memory Interface
    • Examples
  • image-plusObject Implementation Support
    • Allocating Objects on the Heap
    • Common Object Structures
    • Type Objects
    • Number Object Structures
    • Mapping Object Structures
    • Sequence Object Structures
    • Buffer Object Structures
    • Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection
  • image-plus1. Extending Python with C or C++
    • 1.1. A Simple Example
    • 1.2. Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions
    • 1.3. Back to the Example
    • 1.4. The Module’s Method Table and Initialization Function
    • 1.5. Compilation and Linkage
    • 1.6. Calling Python Functions from C
    • 1.7. Extracting Parameters in Extension Functions
    • 1.8. Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions
    • 1.9. Building Arbitrary Values
    • 1.10. Reference Counts
    • 1.11. Writing Extensions in C++
    • 1.12. Providing a C API for an Extension Module
  • image-plus2. Defining New Types
    • 2.1. The Basics
    • 2.2. Type Methods
  • image-plus3. Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils
    • 3.1. Distributing your extension modules
  • image-plus4. Building C and C++ Extensions on Windows
    • 4.1. A Cookbook Approach
    • 4.2. Differences Between Unix and Windows
    • 4.3. Using DLLs in Practice
  • image-plus5. Embedding Python in Another Application
    • 5.1. Very High Level Embedding
    • 5.2. Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview
    • 5.3. Pure Embedding
    • 5.4. Extending Embedded Python
    • 5.5. Embedding Python in C++
    • 5.6. Linking Requirements
  • __future__
  • __main__
  • _dummy_thread
  • _thread
  • abc
  • aifc
  • array
  • ast
  • asynchat
  • asyncore
  • atexit
  • audioop
  • base64
  • bdb
  • binascii
  • binhex
  • bisect
  • builtins
  • bz2
  • calendar
  • cgi
  • cgitb
  • chunk
  • cmath
  • cmd
  • code
  • codecs
  • codeop
  • collections
  • colorsys
  • compileall
  • configparser
  • contextlib
  • copy
  • copyreg
  • cProfile
  • crypt (Unix)
  • csv
  • ctypes
  • curses
  • curses.ascii
  • curses.panel
  • curses.textpad
  • curses.wrapper
  • datetime
  • dbm
  • dbm.dumb
  • dbm.gnu (Unix)
  • dbm.ndbm (Unix)
  • decimal
  • difflib
  • dis
  • distutils
  • distutils.archive_util
  • distutils.bcppcompiler
  • distutils.ccompiler
  • distutils.cmd
  • distutils.command
  • distutils.command.bdist
  • distutils.command.bdist_dumb
  • distutils.command.bdist_msi
  • distutils.command.bdist_packager
  • distutils.command.bdist_rpm
  • distutils.command.bdist_wininst
  • distutils.command.build
  • distutils.command.build_clib
  • distutils.command.build_ext
  • distutils.command.build_py
  • distutils.command.build_scripts
  • distutils.command.check
  • distutils.command.clean
  • distutils.command.config
  • distutils.command.install
  • distutils.command.install_data
  • distutils.command.install_headers
  • distutils.command.install_lib
  • distutils.command.install_scripts
  • distutils.command.register
  • distutils.command.sdist
  • distutils.core
  • distutils.cygwinccompiler
  • distutils.debug
  • distutils.dep_util
  • distutils.dir_util
  • distutils.dist
  • distutils.emxccompiler
  • distutils.errors
  • distutils.extension
  • distutils.fancy_getopt
  • distutils.file_util
  • distutils.filelist
  • distutils.log
  • distutils.msvccompiler
  • distutils.spawn
  • distutils.sysconfig
  • distutils.text_file
  • distutils.unixccompiler
  • distutils.util
  • distutils.version
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