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1.4

  • Contents
  • image-plus1 Whetting Your Appetite
    • 1.1 Disclaimer
    • 1.2 Introduction
    • 1.3 Where From Here
  • image-plus2 Using the Python Interpreter
    • image-plus2.1 Invoking the Interpreter
      • 2.1.1 Argument Passing
      • 2.1.2 Interactive Mode
    • image-plus2.2 The Interpreter and its Environment
      • 2.2.1 Error Handling
      • 2.2.2 The Module Search Path
      • 2.2.3 ``Compiled'' Python files
      • 2.2.4 Executable Python scripts
      • 2.2.5 The Interactive Startup File
    • image-plus2.3 Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
      • 2.3.1 Line Editing
      • 2.3.2 History Substitution
      • 2.3.3 Key Bindings
      • 2.3.4 Commentary
  • image-plus3 An Informal Introduction to Python
    • image-plus3.1 Using Python as a Calculator
      • 3.1.1 Numbers
      • 3.1.2 Strings
      • 3.1.3 Lists
    • 3.2 First Steps Towards Programming
  • image-plus4 More Control Flow Tools
    • 4.1 If Statements
    • 4.2 For Statements
    • 4.3 The range() Function
    • 4.4 Break and Continue Statements, and Else Clauses on Loops
    • 4.5 Pass Statements
    • 4.6 Defining Functions
  • image-plus5 Odds and Ends
    • 5.1 More on Lists
    • 5.2 The del statement
    • 5.3 Tuples and Sequences
    • 5.4 Dictionaries
    • 5.5 More on Conditions
    • 5.6 Comparing Sequences and Other Types
  • image-plus6 Modules
    • 6.1 More on Modules
    • 6.2 Standard Modules
    • 6.3 The dir() function
  • 7 Output Formatting
  • image-plus8 Errors and Exceptions
    • 8.1 Syntax Errors
    • 8.2 Exceptions
    • 8.3 Handling Exceptions
    • 8.4 Raising Exceptions
    • 8.5 User-defined Exceptions
    • 8.6 Defining Clean-up Actions
  • image-plus9 Classes
    • 9.1 A word about terminology
    • 9.2 Python scopes and name spaces
    • image-plus9.3 A first look at classes
      • 9.3.1 Class definition syntax
      • 9.3.2 Class objects
      • 9.3.3 Instance objects
      • 9.3.4 Method objects
    • 9.4 Random remarks
    • image-plus9.5 Inheritance
      • 9.5.1 Multiple inheritance
    • 9.6 Odds and ends
  • image-plus10 Recent Additions as of Release 1.1
    • 10.1 The Last Printed Expression
    • image-plus10.2 String Literals
      • 10.2.1 Double Quotes
      • 10.2.2 Continuation Of String Literals
      • 10.2.3 Triple-quoted strings
      • 10.2.4 String Literal Juxtaposition
    • image-plus10.3 The Formatting Operator
      • 10.3.1 Basic Usage
      • 10.3.2 Referencing Variables By Name
    • image-plus10.4 Optional Function Arguments
      • 10.4.1 Default Argument Values
      • 10.4.2 Arbitrary Argument Lists
    • image-plus10.5 Lambda And Functional Programming Tools
      • 10.5.1 Lambda Forms
      • 10.5.2 Map, Reduce and Filter
    • 10.6 Continuation Lines Without Backslashes
    • 10.7 Regular Expressions
    • 10.8 Generalized Dictionaries
    • 10.9 Miscellaneous New Built-in Functions
    • 10.10 Else Clause For Try Statement
    • image-plus10.11 New Class Features in Release 1.1
      • 10.11.1 New Operator Overloading
      • 10.11.2 Trapping Attribute Access
      • 10.11.3 Calling a Class Instance
  • image-plus11 New in Release 1.2
    • 11.1 New Class Features
    • 11.2 Unix Signal Handling
    • 11.3 Exceptions Can Be Classes
    • image-plus11.4 Object Persistency and Object Copying
      • 11.4.1 Persistent Objects
      • 11.4.2 Copying Objects
    • 11.5 Documentation Strings
    • 11.6 Customizing Import and Built-Ins
    • 11.7 Python and the World-Wide Web
    • 11.8 Miscellaneous
  • image-plus12 New in Release 1.3
    • 12.1 Keyword Arguments
    • 12.2 Changes to the WWW and Internet tools
    • 12.3 Other Language Changes
    • 12.4 Changes to Built-in Operations
    • 12.5 Library Changes
    • 12.6 Other Changes
  • image-plus13 New in Release 1.4
    • 13.1 Language Changes
    • 13.2 Run-time Changes
    • 13.3 New or Updated Modules
    • 13.4 Configuration and Installation
  • About this document ...
  • image-plus Chapter 1: Introduction
    • 1.1 Notation
  • Contents
  • 1 Introduction
  • image-plus2 Built-in Types, Exceptions and Functions
    • image-plus2.1 Built-in Types
      • 2.1.1 Truth Value Testing
      • 2.1.2 Boolean Operations
      • 2.1.3 Comparisons
      • 2.1.4 Numeric Types
      • 2.1.5 Sequence Types
      • 2.1.6 Mapping Types
      • 2.1.7 Other Built-in Types
      • 2.1.8 Special Attributes
    • 2.2 Built-in Exceptions
    • 2.3 Built-in Functions
  • image-plus3 Python Services
    • 3.1 Built-in Module sys
    • 3.2 Standard Module types
    • 3.3 Standard Module traceback
    • 3.4 Standard Module pickle
    • 3.5 Standard Module shelve
    • 3.6 Standard Module copy
    • 3.7 Built-in Module marshal
    • image-plus3.8 Built-in Module imp
      • 3.8.1 Examples
    • image-plus3.9 Built-in Module parser
      • 3.9.1 Creating AST Objects
      • 3.9.2 Converting AST Objects
      • 3.9.3 Queries on AST Objects
      • 3.9.4 Exceptions and Error Handling
      • 3.9.5 AST Objects
      • 3.9.6 Examples
    • 3.10 Built-in Module __builtin__
    • 3.11 Built-in Module __main__
  • image-plus4 String Services
    • 4.1 Standard Module string
    • image-plus4.2 Built-in Module regex
      • 4.2.1 Regular Expressions
      • 4.2.2 Module Contents
    • 4.3 Standard Module regsub
    • 4.4 Built-in Module struct
  • image-plus5 Miscellaneous Services
    • 5.1 Built-in Module math
    • 5.2 Standard Module rand
    • 5.3 Standard Module whrandom
    • 5.4 Built-in Module array
  • image-plus6 Generic Operating System Services
    • 6.1 Standard Module os
    • 6.2 Built-in Module time
    • 6.3 Standard Module getopt
    • 6.4 Standard Module tempfile
    • 6.5 Standard Module errno
  • image-plus7 Optional Operating System Services
    • 7.1 Built-in Module signal
    • image-plus7.2 Built-in Module socket
      • 7.2.1 Socket Objects
      • 7.2.2 Example
    • 7.3 Built-in Module select
    • 7.4 Built-in Module thread
  • image-plus8 UNIX Specific Services
    • 8.1 Built-in Module posix
    • 8.2 Standard Module posixpath
    • 8.3 Built-in Module pwd
    • 8.4 Built-in Module grp
    • 8.5 Built-in module crypt
    • 8.6 Built-in Module dbm
    • 8.7 Built-in Module gdbm
    • image-plus8.8 Built-in Module termios
      • 8.8.1 Example
    • 8.9 Standard Module TERMIOS
    • 8.10 Built-in Module fcntl
    • 8.11 Standard Module posixfile
    • 8.12 Built-in Module syslog
  • image-plus9 The Python Debugger
    • 9.1 Debugger Commands
    • 9.2 How It Works
  • image-plus10 The Python Profiler
    • 10.1 Introduction to the profiler
    • 10.2 How Is This Profiler Different From The Old Profiler?
    • 10.3 Instant Users Manual
    • 10.4 What Is Deterministic Profiling?
    • image-plus10.5 Reference Manual
      • 10.5.1 The Stats Class
    • 10.6 Limitations
    • 10.7 Calibration
    • image-plus10.8 Extensions - Deriving Better Profilers
      • 10.8.1 OldProfile Class
      • 10.8.2 HotProfile Class
  • image-plus11 Internet and WWW Services
    • image-plus11.1 Standard Module cgi
      • 11.1.1 Introduction
      • 11.1.2 Using the cgi module
      • 11.1.3 Old classes
      • 11.1.4 Functions
      • 11.1.5 Caring about security
      • 11.1.6 Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
      • 11.1.7 Testing your CGI script
      • 11.1.8 Debugging CGI scripts
      • 11.1.9 Common problems and solutions
    • 11.2 Standard Module urllib
    • image-plus11.3 Standard Module httplib
      • 11.3.1 HTTP Objects
      • 11.3.2 Example
    • image-plus11.4 Standard Module ftplib
      • 11.4.1 FTP Objects
    • 11.5 Standard Module gopherlib
    • image-plus11.6 Standard Module nntplib
      • 11.6.1 NNTP Objects
    • 11.7 Standard Module urlparse
    • 11.8 Standard Module sgmllib
    • 11.9 Standard Module htmllib
    • image-plus11.10 Standard Module formatter
      • 11.10.1 The Formatter Interface
      • 11.10.2 Formatter Implementations
      • 11.10.3 The Writer Interface
      • 11.10.4 Writer Implementations
    • image-plus11.11 Standard Module rfc822
      • 11.11.1 Message Objects
    • image-plus11.12 Standard Module mimetools
      • 11.12.1 Additional Methods of Message objects
    • image-plus11.13 Standard module binhex
      • 11.13.1 notes
    • 11.14 Standard module uu
    • 11.15 Built-in Module binascii
    • image-plus11.16 Standard module xdrlib
      • 11.16.1 Packer Objects
      • 11.16.2 Unpacker Objects
      • 11.16.3 Exceptions
      • 11.16.4 Supporting Floating Point Data
  • image-plus12 Restricted Execution
    • image-plus12.1 Standard Module rexec
      • 12.1.1 An example
    • 12.2 Standard Module Bastion
  • image-plus13 Multimedia Services
    • 13.1 Built-in Module audioop
    • 13.2 Built-in Module imageop
    • 13.3 Standard Module aifc
    • 13.4 Built-in Module jpeg
    • 13.5 Built-in Module rgbimg
    • 13.6 Standard module imghdr
  • image-plus14 Cryptographic Services
    • 14.1 Built-in Module md5
    • 14.2 Built-in Module mpz
    • 14.3 Built-in Module rotor
  • image-plus15 Macintosh Specific Services
    • 15.1 Built-in Module mac
    • 15.2 Standard Module macpath
    • image-plus15.3 Built-in Module ctb
      • 15.3.1 connection object
    • image-plus15.4 Built-in Module macconsole
      • 15.4.1 macconsole options object
      • 15.4.2 console window object
    • image-plus15.5 Built-in Module macdnr
      • 15.5.1 dnr result object
    • image-plus15.6 Built-in Module macfs
      • 15.6.1 FSSpec objects
      • 15.6.2 alias objects
      • 15.6.3 FInfo objects
    • 15.7 Built-in Module MacOS
    • 15.8 Standard module macostools
    • 15.9 Standard module findertools
    • image-plus15.10 Built-in Module mactcp
      • 15.10.1 TCP Stream Objects
      • 15.10.2 TCP Status Objects
      • 15.10.3 UDP Stream Objects
    • image-plus15.11 Built-in Module macspeech
      • 15.11.1 voice objects
      • 15.11.2 speech channel objects
    • 15.12 Standard module EasyDialogs
    • image-plus15.13 Standard module FrameWork
      • 15.13.1 Application objects
      • 15.13.2 Window Objects
      • 15.13.3 ControlsWindow Object
      • 15.13.4 ScrolledWindow Object
      • 15.13.5 DialogWindow Objects
    • image-plus15.14 Standard module MiniAEFrame
      • 15.14.1 AEServer Objects
  • image-plus16 Standard Windowing Interface
    • image-plus16.1 Built-in Module stdwin
      • 16.1.1 Functions Defined in Module stdwin
      • 16.1.2 Window Objects
      • 16.1.3 Drawing Objects
      • 16.1.4 Menu Objects
      • 16.1.5 Bitmap Objects
      • 16.1.6 Text-edit Objects
      • 16.1.7 Example
    • 16.2 Standard Module stdwinevents
    • 16.3 Standard Module rect
  • image-plus17 SGI IRIX Specific Services
    • image-plus17.1 Built-in Module al
      • 17.1.1 Configuration Objects
      • 17.1.2 Port Objects
    • 17.2 Standard Module AL
    • 17.3 Built-in Module cd
    • image-plus17.4 Built-in Module fl
      • 17.4.1 Functions Defined in Module fl
      • 17.4.2 Form Objects
      • 17.4.3 FORMS Objects
    • 17.5 Standard Module FL
    • 17.6 Standard Module flp
    • 17.7 Built-in Module fm
    • 17.8 Built-in Module gl
    • 17.9 Standard Modules GL and DEVICE
    • 17.10 Built-in Module imgfile
  • image-plus18 SunOS Specific Services
    • image-plus18.1 Built-in Module sunaudiodev
      • 18.1.1 Audio Device Objects
  • Index
  • About this document ...
  • Contents
  • image-plusExtending Python with C or C++ code
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 A Simple Example
    • 1.3 Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions
    • 1.4 Back to the Example
    • 1.5 The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function
    • 1.6 Compilation and Linkage
    • 1.7 Calling Python Functions From C
    • Format Strings for PyArg_ParseTuple()
    • The Py_BuildValue() Function
    • image-plus1.10 Reference Counts
      • 1.10.1 Introduction
      • 1.10.2 Reference Counting in Python
      • 1.10.3 Ownership Rules
      • 1.10.4 Thin Ice
      • 1.10.5 NULL Pointers
    • Writing Extensions in C++
  • image-plus2 Embedding Python in another application
    • Embedding Python in C++
  • image-plus3 Dynamic Loading
    • image-plus3.1 Configuring and Building the Interpreter for Dynamic Loading
      • 3.1.1 Shared Libraries
      • 3.1.2 SGI IRIX 4 Dynamic Loading
      • 3.1.3 GNU Dynamic Loading
    • image-plus3.2 Building a Dynamically Loadable Module
      • 3.2.1 Shared Libraries
      • 3.2.2 SGI IRIX 4 Dynamic Loading
      • 3.2.3 GNU Dynamic Loading
  • image-plus4 Extension Reference
    • image-plus4.1 Introduction
      • 4.1.1 Memory Management
    • 4.2 Object Protocol
    • 4.3 Number Protocol
    • 4.4 Sequence protocol
    • 4.5 Mapping protocol
    • 4.6 Constructors
  • Index
  • About this document ...

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